![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Digital thermal sensors for external calibration purpose.Ultralow tempco Vishay Z-foil resistors to minimize tempco.Maximum stability for DC voltage reference.In no event shall the author, site, or any other 3rd party, be liable for any special, direct, indirect, or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information published here. Redistribution of files in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, link to this page (/article/kx-ref/), and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution, for example Readme file.Īll information posted here is hosted just for education purposes and provided AS IS.Redistribution of article must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, link to this page (/article/kx-ref/) and the following disclaimer.Redistribution and use of this article or any images or files referenced in it, in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: Its superior precision comes at the cost of substantial and expensive (due to requirement of very high stability resistors) external circuitry that must be used to set its operating currents and bias voltages. The first is a buried zener junction, which provides the reference voltage, and the second is a temperature sensing heater, which maintain substrate temperature constant. It has two major components that make it the one of most stable commercial reference available. The LTZ1000 is an ultra-stable voltage ovenized zener reference manufactured by Linear Technology. Photo courtesy: NIST PML Linear Technology LTZ1000 Ultra-Precision Reference For reference, complete PJVS (Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard) system from NIST is available for $306K, with JJA chip cost $50200 USD. There are not many labs are able to maintain high operation cost of JJA, to keep as primary reference. But using JJA in lot of applications is prohibitive, due to fact that it require liquid helium to operate at temperature of few K. It’s known that the JJA output voltage is predicated on a cryogenic physics constant, which results relative voltage uncertainty of less than 1*10 -10 /year. Josephson Junction Array (“ JJA”) modules are used today in metrology institutions and calibration labs to provide definition of SI volt unit. The best voltage standard is using the Josephson effect. There is increasing demand of better stability, lower noise and higher accuracy for voltage reference sources in modern high-precision instrumentation. Temperature coefficient measurements and analysis.Overall module construction and assembly.Physical stress and piezoelectric effects.Considerations while building and using ultra-precision references. ![]()
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